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summary the ZXCW8100s28 is part of the acoustar? range of new generation digital audio power devices from zetex. it has a level of performance not offered by any other solution and with minimal components forms a complete audio interface from digital audio data to the loudspeaker. features ? typical solution performance thd+n (1w into 4 ) 0.021% dynamic range 101db noise floor -125db ? 32 bit conversion ? all common digital audio standards supported ? all sampling rates up to 192khz supported ? 768 times over sampling (single speed mode) ? 48 times digital filtering (single speed mode) ? digital de-emphasis 32,44.1,48khz ? atapi mux/mute cd-rom standard ? 3 wire spi control interface ? zta filter system ? soft mute, digital silence ? direct drive pwm output ? noise shaper stability up to full modulation ? effective pwm frequency up to 2mhz ? digital volume, mute, bass and treble control ? novaload? for clipping control ? 28 pin ssop package applications ? 5.1 integrated dvd amplifiers ? home theater systems ? mini hi-fi ? automotive audio ? pc audio ZXCW8100s28 issue 3 - november 2003 semiconductors 1 32 bit stereo direct drive digital audio amplifier winner of the (british) electronics industry design award for the ?best use of technology?
description the ZXCW8100 is part of a new generation of stereo digital audio power amplifier devices. the device offers a move forward to a new level of performance not offered by another solution. the ZXCW8100 operates in direct drive mode and can be selected to be with or without dead time. exceptional performance can be achieved with the ZXCW8100 device in direct drive mode, the dynamic range is 101db, the noise floor sits at ?125db and when driving 1w into 4 thd+n is 0.021%. the device supports all common digital audio input formats. sampling frequencies up to 192khz are fully supported, dependant on which sampling frequency is selected then the device can operate in single, dual or quad speed modes. in single speed mode, then the popular 44.1khz sampling from audio cds is oversampled up to 768 times. this results in a master clock speed of 33mhz. digital de-emphasis is also supported as well as mixing and muting according to the atapi cd-rom standard. other key features include user definable digital control of volume, mute, bass & treble. the device also features zetex unique overload management system novaload?. novaload? can operate in several ways to modify either volume, tone or both with user definable attack and decay rates. there is a hard mute available as well as a mute with digital silence, whereby the output stage is set to the quiescent state. the device is controlled vi a a 3 wire spi (serial peripheral interface) interface from the host system controller. device function control is achieved by writing an 8-bit control and 64 bit data string to internal registers within the ZXCW8100 chip. the spi interface is bi-directional, allowing the configuration to be read back as required. multiple devices can easily be configured together by using the spi enable of each ZXCW8100. this means that in 5.1 surround sound systems, for example, three ZXCW8100 devices can be configured together. the device provides direct drive pulse width modulation (pwm) 2 channel stereo outputs which, via a fet drive interface with an h-bridge output stage, forms a full solution to digital power amplification. reference designs are available for the solutions with typical power levels up to 60w. the ZXCW8100 device operates from a 3.3v supply with an operating temperature range from -40 cto +85 c. the device is supplied in a 28 pin ssop package. ZXCW8100s28 issue 3 - november 2003 semiconductors 2
absolute maximum ratings supply voltage (v cc ) -0.3 to 4.0v digital input current +/-20ma digital output current +/-20ma digital input voltage -0.3 to v cc + 0.3v digital output voltage -0.3 to v cc + 0.3v package power dissipation 1.4w storage temperature -55 to 125c note: the absolute maximum ratings indicate levels where permanent damage to the device may occur. functional operation is not guaran teed under theses conditions. operation at any of the absolute maximum conditions for extended periods may adversely affect the long term reliability of the device. package characteristics thermal resistance ja (junction to ambient) 49c/w dc electrical characteristics test conditions (unless otherwise stated): v cc = 3.3v, t amb = 25 c ZXCW8100s28 issue 3 - november 2003 semiconductors 3 symbol parameter conditions min typ max unit v cc supply voltage 3 3.3 3.6 v t o operating temperature range -40 85 c operating conditions symbol parameter conditions min typ max unit i s static supply current all clocks & data static 10.5 a i dd operational supply current 112 144 ma p d dissipation 380 475 mw supply characteristics symbol parameter conditions min typ max unit v ih high level input voltage v out v oh(min) or v out v out(max) 2v cc +0.3 v v il low level input voltage -0.3 0.8 v i in input current v in =0vorv cc +/-0.5 a i c input capacitance 4.7 pf digital input characteristics symbol parameter conditions min typ max unit v ih high level input voltage v out v oh(min) or v out v out(max) 2v cc +0.3 v v il low level input voltage -0.3 0.8 v i il low level input current v in = 0v -53 -70 a i ih high level input current 0.5 a i c input capacitance 4.7 pf digital input with active pull-up characteristics
ac electrical characteristics test conditions (unless otherwise stated): v cc = 3.3v, t amb = 25 c ZXCW8100s28 issue 3 - november 2003 4 semiconductors symbol parameter conditions min typ max unit v ih high level input voltage v out v oh(min) or v out v out(max) 2v cc +0.3 v v il low level input voltage -0.3 0.8 v i il low level input current v in =v cc -0.5 a i ih high level input current 60 75 a i c input capacitance 4.7 pf digital input with active pull-down characteristics symbol parameter conditions min typ max unit v ih high level input voltage v out v oh(min) or v out v out(max) 2v cc +0.3 v v il low level input voltage -0.3 0.8 v i in input current v in =0vorv cc +/-0.5 a i c input capacitance 4.71 pf v oh high level output voltage v cc =3v,ori oh = -8ma 2.4 v v ol low level output voltage v cc =3v,ori ol = 8ma 0.4 v digital io characteristics symbol parameter conditions min typ max unit v oh high level output voltage v cc =3v,ori oh = -12ma 2.4 v v ol low level output voltage v cc =3v,ori ol = 12ma 0.4 v digital output characteristics symbol parameter conditions min typ max unit m ck clock frequency 33.8688 40 mhz m ms mark to space ratio 40:60 60:40 % master clock
ZXCW8100s28 issue 3 - november 2003 5 semiconductors symbol parameter conditions min typ max unit s ck spi-ck clock frequency m ck /8 40 mhz t spids spi-da set-up time 0.5 ns t spidh spi-da hold time 0.1 ns t spies spi-en hold time 0.7 ns t spieh spi-en hold time 0.1 ns t spiemh spi-en minimum high time 3 m-ck 1 note: 1 m-ck = master clock cycles. switching characteristics: spi interface - write switching characteristics: spi interface - read symbol parameter conditions min typ max unit s ck spi-ck clock frequency 40 mhz t spids spi-da set-up time 0.5 ns t spidh spi-da data hold time 0.1 ns t spidov time to valid spi-da data out load capacitance (c l ) = 50pf 2.1 ns t spies spi-en hold time 0.7 ns t spieh spi-en hold time 0.1 ns t spiemh spi-en minimum high time 3 m-ck 1 note: 1 m-ck = master clock cycles.
ZXCW8100s28 issue 3 - november 2003 semiconductors 6 symbol parameter conditions min typ max unit b ck bit-ck clock frequency m ck /8 40 mhz t sds s-data set-up time 1 m-ck 1 t sph s-data hold time 1 m-ck 1 t wcks word-clk set-up time 1 m-ck 1 t wckh word-clk hold time 1 m-ck 1 note: 1 m-ck = master clock cycles. switching characteristics: audio input data symbol parameter conditions min typ max unit t mckop m-ck to pwm output delay 3.0 ns t opskew pwm output to output skew 250 ps t spdt pwm output to deadband output time 14.8 ns 2 note: 2 this translates to the low period of the master clock (m-ci) cycles. master clock to pwm output characteristics
ZXCW8100s28 issue 3 - november 2003 7 semiconductors 0 200 400 600 800 1000 -160 -140 -120 -100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 0 200 400 600 800 1000 -160 -140 -120 -100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 0 200 400 600 800 1000 -160 -140 -120 -100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 filter response - 192khz amplitude (db) frequency (khz) filter response - 96khz amplitude (db) frequency (khz) filter response - 48khz amplitude (db) frequency (khz) 10 100 1k 10k 20k -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 10 100 1k 10k 20k -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 flat response 4khz boost 12khz cut 8khz cut 4khz cut 12khz boost 8khz boost treble response amplitude (db) frequency (hz) flat response 100hz cut 200hz cut 200hz boost 50hz boost 50hz cut 100hz boost bass response amplitude (db) frequency (hz) typical characteristics
pinout diagram ZXCW8100s28 issue 3 - november 2003 semiconductors 8 pin name type description 1 spi-en lvttl ip spi interface enable, active low 2 spi-da lvttl i/o spi data 3 spi-ck lvttl ip spi clock 4 cslo lvttl ip+pu connect to logic gnd 5 csl1 lvttl ip+pu connect to logic gnd 6 vcc-logic core logic supply voltage, 3.3v 7 gnd-logic core logic ground 8 word-ck lvttl ip digital audio word clock, matches to system sampling rate 9 bit-ck lvttl ip digital audio bit clock 10 s-data lvttl ip serial digital audio data input 11 mute lvttl ip+pu mute enable, active low 12 vcc-logic core logic supply, 3.3v 13 gnd-logic core logic ground 14 m-ck lvttl ip system master clock 15 op4-r lvttl op right channel pwm drive output, see applications section 16 op3-r lvttl op right channel pwm drive output, see applications section 17 gnd-r right channel pwm drive output ground 18 vcc-r right channel pwm drive output supply, 3.3v 19 op2-r lvttl op right channel pwm drive output, see applications section 20 op1-r lvttl op right channel pwm drive output, see applications section 21 op4-l lvttl op left channel pwm drive output, see applications section 22 op3-l lvttl op left channel pwm drive output, see applications section 23 gnd-l left channel pwm drive output ground 24 vcc-l left channel pwm drive output supply, 3.3v 25 op2-l lvttl op left channel pwm drive output, see applications section 26 op1-l lvttl op left channel pwm drive output, see applications section 27 mode0 lvttl ip+pu mode select, direct drive with or without dead time 28 mode1 lvttl ip+pd connect to gnd pin descriptions note +pu = with pull-up device +pd = with pull-down device
functional device description the ZXCW8100 device is an integrated stereo digital amplifier. it takes in digital audio data, in any of the common digital audio formats, processes it and delivers a pwm direct drive left and right channel output. the direct drive pwm output can be used to drive full bridge tied load output stages configured to deliver typical power in the range 10w to 50w and above. spi interface the device is controlled b y a 3 wire spi interface. the 8 bit control and 64 bit data words directed through the spi interface are used to control all the functions of the ZXCW8100 device: volume/mute bass/treble de-emphasis novaload? audio data format atapi cd-rom standard pwm drive outputs auto power low speed mode the spi interface is bi-directional such that the appropriate programmed configuration and data can be read back if required. format converter the format converter ensures the device is compatible with all the normal digital input standards. the standards supported are: 24 and 32 bit i 2 s left justify 24 or 32 bit right justify 16 bit right justify 24 bit the audio data for left and right channels is transmitted in the high and low periods of the word clock depending on the format chosen. the first received audio data is held until the corresponding channel data is received. the left and right channels data are then processed in parallel. the word clock represents the sampling rate of the audio data input, also referred to as fs. volume digital volume control is achieved through the spi port. volume can be set anywhere in the range of -94.5db to +25db in 0.5db steps. a code is included in the volume register to enable a soft mute function to be achieved, this set to -95db. a digital silence function is also available, this is selected by activating the auto low power mode. in this case, if no serial digital data is detected for a period of 4096 word clocks then the output stage is switched off. in this mode minimum emc signature is experienced. ZXCW8100s28 issue 3 - november 2003 semiconductors 9 block diagram
bass the bass control can be set to a selection of corner frequencies: 50hz 100hz 1200hz these corner frequencies are stated for a nominal 44.1khz sampling frequency. if the sampling frequency is altered then the corner frequency is automatically adjusted. once selected then the bass control can be set to either cut or boost with gain from 0db up to 15db in 1db steps. treble the treble control can be set to a selection of corner frequencies: 4khz 8khz 12khz these corner frequencies are stated for a nominal 44.1khz sampling frequency. if the sampling frequency is altered then the corner frequency is automatically adjusted. once selected then the treble control can be set to either cut or boost with gain from 0db up to 15db in 1db steps. master clock essential to the performance of the system is the provision of a low jitter clock to the ZXCW8100 device, a jitter of less than +/-1ns is required. as well as low jitter the master clock needs to be a consistent mark to space ratio. this master clock is generated from the external audio system, consistency needs to be better than 3ns with a 33mhz master clock. the relationship between the master clock and the word clock provided with the audio data input determines the device speed and oversampling rate for the zta filters and the noise shaper/pwm drive. the master clock is a nominal 33.8688mhz for a 44.1khz fs (sampling rate) with 768 times oversampling. sampling rates the ZXCW8100 device supports a wide range of sampling rates depending on the media being played. typically as follows: single speed 32khz, 44.1khz, 48khz dual speed 88.2khz, 96khz quad speed 176.4khz, 192khz zta filters the zta filters use the proprietary zta algorithm to perform up to 48 times digital filtering. the speed mode of the device selects the oversampling performed: single speed 48 times dual speed 24 times quad speed 12 times in addition to providing state of the art out of band noise performance, the zta filter gives superior transient resolution, which improves sound stage imaging, timing, focus and bass definition. noise shaper & pwm drive the noise shaper effectively offers continuous feedback to the system. it enables removal of any dead time distortion and enables the drive to the pwm fet switching. switching distortions are also removed by the noise shaper. the noise shaper over samples by 16 x the over-sampling rate of the zta filters. single speed 48 x 16 = 768 times dual speed 24 x 16 = 384 times quad speed 12 x 16 = 192 times the pwm output converts the noise shaper output into four pwm drive lines per channel. these output lines, suitably buffered, drive a full mosfet h-bridge. the output is configured as a bridge tied load. each of the four output lines drives n and p channel mosfet pairs. the effective pwm frequency is up to 2mhz, significantly faster than alternative solutions. this high frequency allows for greater resolution and enables lower noise and distortion figures to be achieved. the pwm output can be utilized either with or without dead time enabled. two different modulation schemes are available, known as hpwm and rpwm, these two schemes have different strengths that the user can take advantage of as they are selectable through the spi interface. accompanying the two pwm schemes is the ability to select one of two switching frequencies to help attain the best performance from the pwm scheme and output stage combination. hpwm is a conventional digital pwm strategy that is to be found in current applications. the two frequencies of operation are 1.058mhz, derived from 24 times the 44.1khz sampling frequency, and 2.116mhz (48 times 44.1khz). ZXCW8100s28 issue 3 - november 2003 semiconductors 10
under normal conditions hpwm would be run at 1.058mhz as this gives the best switching performance, however, by selecting the 2.116mhz high frequency mode and with a high quality, high speed, output stage it is possible to take advantage of the better definition available through the superior noise shaper performance. care has to be taken however, as an indifferent output stage can cause the higher switching speed to give a higher level of switching distortion that can mask the noise shaper performance improvements. hpwm provides a lower level of overall rf noise in the am band with that noise concentrated on multiples of the switching frequency. with very careful op stage design it is capable of the best measured dynamic range. rpwm is a proprietary pwm scheme that applies different data to both sides of a conventional h bridge output stage. the primary purpose of this is to maximize the resolution of the internal noise shaper. this doubles the noise shaper resolution. the other advantage of rpwm is that the fet switching frequency is halved. rpm therefore has two speeds of 529khz and 1.058mhz. this lower speed does not reduce the noise shaper performance. the nature of rpwm also ensures that it is less susceptible to correlated jitter on the master clock resulting in a better signal to noise ratio with jittery clocks. the recommended mode of operation for new users is hpwm with a modulation frequency of 1mhz. chip select it is possible to cascade several ZXCW8100 devices for multi-channel applications. each chip is accessed using the appropriate spi enable line. valid data for the individual ZXCW8100 is clocked in during spi enable low period. spi data and clock can be common. a separate spi enable line per device is required. mute a hard mute facility is provided for the device when used in direct drive mode. active low, this control will shut off the output drive. once released, the output will remain disabled for approximately 0.5 seconds. additionally this facility can be used to provide thermal and current overload protection. mode the direct drive ZXCW8100 device can be operated in different modes. in the configuration provided, the device can operate with or without dead time depending on the selection of output drive characteristics. the direct drive ZXCW8100 device can be selected though external input pins to operate with or without dead time. it is recommended to run the device without dead time. full details about the use of these modes is available in the associated application document. contact your nearest zetex office for full details. supplies the device is provided with several power supply connections. a nominal 3.3 volt supply is required with the supply pairs being de-coupled separately and as close to the device as possible. novaload? the novaload? system provides a mechanism for overload control. it can operate in several different ways as it acts to back off the gain of the volume or bass blocks. once activated there are two modes of operation available for the user to select. with the novaload? mode register bit novl m=1any overload in the volume circuit block will result in the gain of the volume block being reduced and if any overload takes place in the bass circuit block then the volume is again reduced keeping the bass boost unaffected. with the novl m = 0 any overload in the volume block will result in the gain of the volume block being reduced, however, if any overload is present due to bass boost the bass boost is removed completely. when no bass clipping has occurred for a period of time greater than that set by the limiter release rate register (but not greater than two times that period) the bass boost is fully restored to its previous level as determined by the bass gain register. the rate at which the volume is reduced in response to clipping can be programmed through the spi interface. the gain reduces by 0.5db over a selected number of word clock periods. typically this will be set to 0.5db in 4 word clocks. once the overload condition is removed then the gain is released to increase again. this is also programmable as 0.5db per selected number of word clocks. typically this will be set to 0.5db per 16 word clock periods. the release rate coming out of novaload? is critical to a good sound. typically 2 seconds is suggested for pop and rock, 4 to 8 seconds for classical. de-emphasis de-emphasis is activated when older audio recordings are used in the system. these will have used pre-emphasis to achieve noise reduction. the de-emphasis frequency response curve is selected versus the system sampling rate. de-emphasis only applies in single speed mode. ZXCW8100s28 issue 3 - november 2003 semiconductors 11
pin functional descriptions spi interface pins spi-en, spi-da, spi-ck form the spi interface. the enable, spi-en, is active low. data is transmitted on spi-da as a 72 bit word, there are 8 control bits and 64 data bits, spi-ck provides the clock for the spi interface. the function of the control and data bits is detailed in the register description section. the spi interface is also bi-directional with the read/write function set in the first 8 control bits. in write mode (figure 1) a full 72 bits is sent from the host controller consisting of the 8 preamble control bits with the r/w bit set low and the 64 spi data bits. the spi-en signal must be held low, enabled, for all 72 clocks and data bits as a validity check is run on the incoming data string and any string not 72 bit long is rejected. it is recommended to perform a read back of the spi data registers to validate the receipt of the correct instruction. in read mode (figure 2) the host controller sends the first 8 preamble control bits with the r/w bit set high. the spi-da pin of the ZXCW8100 device changes state from being an input to being an output on the falling edge following the r/w bit. the device then reads out the data from the internal spi register onto the spi-da wire. data can be sent to spi interface using two methods - burst mode or continuos mode. in burst mode data will be sent as a single 72 bit spi data word accompanied by 72 spi-ck clock bits. this data would be sent as and when operating parameters are required to be changed. in continuous mode the spi-ck clock will run continuously with the spi-da data being resent regardless of whether operating parameters are required to be changed or not. the only requirement for this mode, or for burst mode, as regard the frequency of spi update is that the spi-en enable line is returned high for a minimum of 3 m-ck master clock cycles between spi data words. the spi interface can operate asynchronously to the m-ck master clock and to any other data inputs. it can run up to a maximum of 40 mhz however, it is expected that one eighth the m-ck clock frequency would be normal for most requirements. ZXCW8100s28 issue 3 - november 2003 semiconductors 12 spi interface - write mode (figure 1) spi interface - read mode (figure 2)
audio input data the audio input utilizes three pins, word-ck, bit-ck and s-data. the diagrams below indicate the appropriate timing diagrams for the 4 possible input formats. ZXCW8100s28 issue 3 - november 2003 semiconductors 13 left justify 24 bit left justify 32 bit 24 bit i 2 s compatible right justify 16 or 24 bit
mute mute is enabled with the mute pin. mute is active low. master clock the system master clock is applied to pin m-ck output drive output drive is provided on 8 pins, 4 each for left and right. for each channel the pins are op1 to op4 then l or r. op1 and op2 as a pair drive the gates of a nn&p channel mosfet pair through a gate drive buffer that includes dead time control. op3 and op4 drive a similar pair. these pairs in turn drive a btl (bridge tied load) loudspeaker ? see the typical applications diagram for details. timing diagrams are shown in the ac characteristics section. mode (dead/no dead time) mode0 and mode1 are used to set the operating mode of the ZXCW8100 device. there are two modes available, direct drive with and without dead time. without dead time the output stage on and off switching to the n and p channel mosfets occurs at the same time. the user can then design any dead time or cross conduction into the output stage as required by the characteristics of the mosfet being used. when dead time is selected a delay is introduced between the n and p channel mosfet switching such that the active mosfet is switched off before the inactive mosfet is switched on. this is particularly useful where mosfets have a slow turn off time and might otherwise give a large amount of cross conduction in the n and p channel mosfet pair. dead time is a function of the master clock frequency and is effectively a half the master clock rate. for the nominal 33mhz master clock, dead time is therefore approximately 15ns. whilst this digital dead time is available it is recommended for most applications that shorter periods of dead time are used by including dead time control within the fet drive buffer circuit. spi register summary the following indicates the general structure of the 72 bit spi word used for control and data. control spi preamble: ca1 ca0 1 00011 read ca1 ca0 1 00010 write bits ca1 and ca0 should be set low. the next 4 bits are a silicon reference to the ZXCW8100 part number. the other two bits determine if the spi interface is in read or write modes. ZXCW8100s28 issue 3 - november 2003 semiconductors 14 operating mode mode0 pin mode1 pin direct drive no dead time 00 direct drive with dead time 10
spi bi-directional interface register the interface control register defines the functionality of the device. it is a 64 bit register. bit 64 is read as the msb, bit 0 is the lsb, msb stated first. the default setting is 0 except where stated. ZXCW8100s28 issue 3 - november 2003 semiconductors 15 bit no. function bit identifier comments/example 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 volume left vl0 vl1 vl2 vl3 vl4 vl5 vl6 vl7 vl8 vl8.............vl0 011111110 is 0db 100110000 is +25 db 001000001 is -94.5db 001000000 = soft mute 011111010 is default power up, -2 db see volume code tables 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 volume right vr0 vr1 vr2 vr3 vr4 vr5 vr6 vr7 vr8 vr8.............vr0 011111110 is 0db 100110000 is +25 db 001000001 is -94.5db 001000000 = soft mute 011111010 is default power up, -2 db see volume code tables 18 bass boost bb 1 = bass boost, 0 = bass cut 19 20 21 22 bass gain bg0 bg1 bg2 bg3 bg = 1111 gives +/- 15db bg = 0000 gives +/- 0db see bass code table 23 24 bass freq bf0 bf1 bf = 00: 50hz, bf = 01: 100 hz, bf = 10: 1.2khz 25 treble boost tb 1 = treble boost, 0 = treble cut 26 27 28 29 treble gain tg0 tg1 tg2 tg3 tg = 1111 gives +/- 15db tg = 0000 gives +/- 0db see treble code table 30 31 treble freq tf0 tf1 tf = 00: 4khz, tf = 01: 8khz, tf = 10: 12khz
spi bi-directional interface register (cont) ZXCW8100s28 issue 3 - november 2003 semiconductors 16 bit no. function bit identifier comments/example 32 33 50/15 s standard de-emphasis de0 de1 de = 00: none, de = 01: 44.1khz de = 10: 32khz, de = 11: 48khz 34 novaload novl 0 = disable , 1 = enable 35 novaload mode novlm 0 adjust vol if vol clips, remove bass if bass clips 1 adjust vol if vol clips, adjust vol if bass clips 36 dc dither dcadd 1= dc dither on 37 38 39 limiter attack rate lar0 lar1 lar2 adjusts how quickly the volume is reduced during a clip see attack code table default 001, 0.5 ms per -3db 40 41 42 43 limiter release rate lrr0 lrr1 lrr2 lrr3 adjusts how quickly the volume is increased after a clip see release code table default 1010, 2 sec per +3db 44 45 digital interface dif0 dif1 dif = 00: i 2 s, dif = 01: left justified, dif = 10: right just 16 bit, dif = 11: right just 24 bit. 46 47 48 49 atapi mix ati0 ati1 ati2 ati3 hard mute, mono and channel switch see atapi select tables 1001 default 50 h-bridge on hbon hbon = 0: bridge off, hbo n = 1 bridge on in direct drive mode, default=0 51 52 53 54 55 p-channel compensation peer0 peer1 peer2 peer3 peer4 p error default: 10000 p-channel switching compensation valid range: 00000-10000 56 57 58 59 60 n-channel compensation neer0 neer1 neer2 neer3 neer4 n error default: 00000 n channel switching compensation valid range: 00000-10000 61 auto low power al auto low power mode al = 0: disabled, al = 1: enabled 62 63 set speed & pwm combination hspd hpwm low speed = 0 high speed = 1 hpwm = 1 rpwm = 0
spi register detailed description volume the volume register increments digitally in 0.5db steps. the volume range is from -94.5db to +25db. the final used code in the sequence it termed a soft mute and sets the volume to -95db. the code sequence applies equally to left and right volume controls. the bit numbers for the volume controls are 0 to 8 for the left channel and 9 to 17 for the right. the control of the volume should not jump directly from one level to the next but should pass through all 0.5db steps between the two required levels. code examples in the sequence follow: 100110000 = 25db 100101111 = 24.5db 100101110 = 24db 011111111 = 0.5db 011111110 = 0db 011111101 = -0.5db 011111010 = -2db (default and start up) 001000010 = -94db 001000001 = -94.5db 001000000 = -95db (-95db is the soft mute) bass the bass register increments digitally in steps of 1db. the range is from 0db to +/-15db depending on whether the bass control is set to cut or boost (bit18). the bit numbers for the bass level control are 19 to 22. bit18: boost=1, cut=0 code examples in the sequence follow: 0000 = +/-0db 0001 = +/-1db 1110 = +/-14db 1111 = +/-15db the bass corner frequency is selected by bits 23 and 24. 00 = 50hz 01 = 100hz 10 = 200hz treble the treble register increments digitally in steps of 1db. the range is from 0db to +/-15db depending on whether the treble control is set to cut or boost (bit25). the bit numbers for the treble level control are 26 to 29. bit25: boost=1, cut=0 code examples in the sequence follow: 0000 = +/-0db 0001 = +/-1db 1110 = +/-14db 1111 = +/-15db the treble corner frequency is selected by bits 30 & 31. 00 = 4khz 01 = 8khz 10 = 12khz 50/15 s standard de-emphasis the ZXCW8100 incorporates a standard 50/15 s digital de-emphasis filter. de-emphasis is applicable in single speed mode only. bits 32 and 33 match to sampling frequencies as below: 00 = no de-emphasis 01 = 44.1khz 10 = 32khz 11 = 48khz ZXCW8100s28 issue 3 - november 2003 semiconductors 17
dc dither a function is provided to help eliminate small signal digital zero point switching distortion by the addition of a small dc voltage. this is intended to move the signal away from the dac zero to prevent the distortion that is sometimes discernible when the dac switches around zero. dc dither would be required when using the recommended hpwm mode. if using rpwm dc dither would not normally be set, however, the requirement is application dependant and full details on use are available in the associated application document. contact your nearest zetex office for full details. bit 36: 0 = dc dither off, 1 = dc dither on digital interface select bits 44 and 45 select the digital interface standard required as below: 00 24 bit i 2 s 01 left justify 24 or 32 bit 10 right justify 16 bit 11 right justify 24 bit novaload? novaload? is selected using bits 34 and 35 as below: bit 34: 0 = novaload? off, 1 = novaload? on bit 35: 0 = remove bass control if bass clips, 1 = adjust volume control if bass clips novaload? limiter attack rate the limiter attack rate is governed by bits 36 to 39. the code chosen sets the number of word clock periods to reduce the gain by 0.5db. the number of word clock periods quadruples per digital increment. code sequence follow: 000 = 1 word clock period per 0.5db 001 = 4 word clock periods per 0.5db 010 = 16 word clock periods per 0.5db 011 = 64 word clock periods per 0.5db 100 = 256 word clock periods per 0.5db 101 = 1024 word clock periods per 0.5db 110 = 4096 word clock periods per 0.5db 111 = 16384 word clock periods per 0.5db the default condition is 0010 which is 4 word clock periods. novaload? limiter release rate the limiter release rate is governed by bits 40 to 43. the code chosen sets the number of word clock periods to reduce the gain by 0.5db. the number of word clock periods doubles per digital increment code examples in the sequence follow: 0000 = 16 word clock periods per 0.5db 0001 = 32 word clock periods per 0.5db 0010 = 64 word clock periods per 0.5db 1110 = 262144 word clock periods per 0.5db 1111 = 524288 word clock periods per 0.5db the default condition is 1010 which is 16384 word clock periods. atapi the atapi cd-rom standard for mixing and muting is supported by bits 46 to 49. the following logic table defines how the left and right channels are affected by the codes set on these bits: the default setting is 1001 which is left channel = l, right channel = r ZXCW8100s28 issue 3 - november 2003 semiconductors 18 ati3 ati2 ati1 ati0 l channel r channel 0000mute mute 0001mute r 0010mute l 0011mute {(l+r)/2} 0100r mute 0101r r 0110r l 0111r {(l+r)/2} 1000l mute 1001l r 1010l l 1011l {(l+r)/2} 1100 {(l+r)/2} mute 1101 {(l+r)/2} r 1110 {(l+r)/2} l 1111 {(l+r)/2} {(l+r)/2}
h bridge on bit 50 is used to enable the output drive to the h bridge, this is used to control the power up sequence for the system ensuring a safe power on: bit50: 0 = bridge off, 1 = bridge on the default condition is output bridge off. neer & peer fet compensation neer and peer provide compensation for fixed switching errors within the op fet?s. for the majority of applications, neer and peer should be left set to the default values. in order to further optimize the output stage, for neer use the values in the range from 00000 (default) to 01000 and for peer use values in range from 01000 to 10000 (default). auto low power if activated then the digital silence feature is available. bit 61 controls the enable for auto low power: bit61: 0 = disabled, 1 = enable set pwm and speed combination the two bits bit 62 (hspd) and bit 63 (hpwm) are used to set up the speed and pwm methodology respectively. zetex recommend the use of hpwm at 1mhz for first time users of the ZXCW8100. full details about the use of these modes will be available in the associated application document. contact your nearest zetex office for full details. bit 62: 0 = low speed 1 = high speed bit 63: 0 = rpwm 1 = hpwm the resultant operating modes are shown in the following table: ZXCW8100s28 issue 3 - november 2003 semiconductors 19 hspd hpwm operating mode 0 0 rpwm at 500khz 0 1 hpwm at 1mhz 1 1 0 rpwm at 1mhz 1 1 hpwm at 2mhz 1 note: recommended mode of operation
ZXCW8100s28 issue 3 - november 2003 20 semiconductors typical connection diagram the following shows a typical connection diagram for the output circuit of one channel of the ZXCW8100 device. for dedicated applications notes please contact your nearest zetex office. parameter conditions min typ max unit thd+n hpwm mode at 1mhz. 1w 0.021 % dynamic range 101 db noise floor -125 db typical performance characteristics
ZXCW8100s28 issue 3 - november 2003 21 semiconductors
ZXCW8100s28 issue 3 - november 2003 22 semiconductors
ZXCW8100s28 issue 3 - november 2003 23 semiconductors
ZXCW8100s28 24 issue 3 - november 2003 semiconductors europe zetex plc fields new road chadderton oldham, ol9 8np united kingdom telephone (44) 161 622 4444 fax: (44) 161 622 4446 hq@zetex.com zetex gmbh streitfeldstra?e 19 d-81673 mnchen germany telefon: (49) 89 45 49 49 0 fax: (49) 89 45 49 49 49 europe.sales@zetex.com americas zetex inc 700 veterans memorial hwy hauppauge, ny 11788 usa telephone: (1) 631 360 2222 fax: (1) 631 360 8222 usa.sales@zetex.com asia pacific zetex (asia) ltd 3701-04 metroplaza tower 1 hing fong road kwai fong hong kong telephone: (852) 26100 611 fax: (852) 24250 494 asia.sales@zetex.com these offices are supported by agents and distributors in major countries world-wide. this publication is issued to provide outline information only which (unless agreed by the company in writing) may not be used, applied or reproduced for any purpose or form part of any order or contract or be regarded as a representation relating to the products or services concerned. the company reserves the right to alter without notice the specification, design, price or conditions of supply of any product or service. for the latest product information, log on to www.zetex.com ? zetex plc 2003 package outline comforms to jedec mo-187 variation ba millimetres min. max. a 1.70 2.00 a1 0.05 0.15 a2 1.65 1.85 d 9.90 10.50 e 7.40 8.20 e1 5.00 5.60 l 0.55 0.95 e 0.65 bsc b 0.22 0.38 c 0.09 0.25 device part marking ZXCW8100s28 zetex acoustar? ZXCW8100 ordering information

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